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Galatians: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary is unavailable, but you can change that!

As the early church took shape in the mid-first century A.D., a theological struggle of great consequence was joined between the apostle Paul and certain theologians who had intruded into the churches founded by the apostle in Galatia. Writing his letter to the Galatians in the midst of that struggle, Paul was concerned to find a way by which he could assert the radical newness of God’s act in...

of warfare begun with that event.62 The motif of warfare between pairs of opposites could remind one of the philosophy of Heraclitus (“War is both king of all and father of all …,” Frag. 53). Or, closer in time to Paul, one could think of the theology of Qumran, in which there is strife (rîb) between the two Spirits (e.g., 1QS 3:13–4:26). But in both of these views the struggle is thought to inhere in the cosmos. Indeed, in the perspective of the Qumran sect the warring antinomy of the Spirit of
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